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However, relevance and pathophysiological correlates of the enhanced N280 will need further study. Our findings indicate that TMS-EEG is feasible in testing excitability and connectivity in cortical neural networks in MS patients, complementary to conventional EPs. In summary, findings show that ISP and TEPs were preserved in early-stage RRMS, except for an exaggerated N280 amplitude. stimulated M1, also did not differ between groups. Interhemispheric signal propagation (ISP), estimated from the area under the curve of TEPs in the non-stimulated vs. Latencies and amplitudes of N45, P70, N100, P180, and N280 TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) were not different between groups, except a significantly increased amplitude of the N280 TEP in the MS group, both for L-M1 and R-M1 stimulation. Resting motor threshold for L-M1 and R-M1 was increased in MS patients. Thirteen patients with early relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) with a median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 1.0 (range 0–2.5) and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls received single-pulse TMS of left and right primary motor cortex (L-M1 and R-M1), respectively. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coupled with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to investigate cortical excitability and spatiotemporal dynamics of TMS-evoked neural activity in MS patients. However, their value is limited to the assessment of their respective functional systems. 5Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, GermanyĮvoked potentials (EPs) are well established in clinical practice for diagnosis and prognosis in multiple sclerosis (MS).4Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.3Department of Education Science, Psychology and Communication Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.2Nirakara: Instituto de Investigación y Formación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Madrid, Spain.
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1Department of Neurology and Stroke, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.Zipser 1†‡, Isabella Premoli 1†‡, Paolo Belardinelli 1‡, Nazareth Castellanos 2, Davide Rivolta 3, Tonio Heidegger 4, Florian Müller-Dahlhaus 1,5 and Ulf Ziemann 1*